INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Introduction to safety-The "word" safety is a derivation of a Latin word "SALVUS" which mean saving from injury.
Definition- It is a condition which gives us freedom from the hazard, risk, and accident that may cause injury to person damage to property and environment.
OR
Freedom form unacceptable injury, accident, and disease is called safety. Safety means remembering the safety rules set up by the company and applying them every minute when you are on the job.
Fundamental of safety - The safety management based on following the philosophy of safety.
- An accident does not just happen they are caused.
- 88% of accidents are caused by direct human failure due to unsafe act.
- 10% are caused by unsafe condition again caused by human failure.
- 2% are caused due to natural caused. (Act of God)
- A trained and alert worker is safe in an unsafe condition.
- An untrained and unleared worker is unsafe in a safe condition.
- Everybody should behave like a safety officer.
Incident monitoring rather than accident monitoring.
Objectives and benefits safety management- The objective of safety management is to reduce unsafe act and unsafe condition to a level where the probability of serious accident injuries approaches zero.
There are some following objective and benefits of safety management.
- Reduce workplace accident, injuries, and illness.
- Reduce cost of production.
- Increase confidence and moral.
- Increase productivity.
- Improve insurance liability rating.
- A better relationship between union and management.
- Better public relation.
- Improvement in relation to the public, government, and N.G.O.
- The positive response from the customer.
- Better position in labor market.
Unsafe Act (U.A.)- Any situation or condition which can be corrected then and there only is called unsafe act.
OR
Performance of a task or other activities that is conducted in a manner that may threaten the health and safety of a worker is called unsafe act.
Example
Unsafe condition- (U.C.) A condition in the workplace that is likely to cause property damage or injuries is called unsafe condition.
OR
A source or condition which required something expertise and resource for correction is called unsafe condition.
Example
How to identify unsafe act and unsafe condition?
We should identify the unsafe acct and unsafe condition under the following categories.
- Reaction of people.
- Position of people.
- Clothing and personal protective equipment.
- Rule and procedures.
- Housekeeping and orderliness.
Personal protective equipment.
It is an equipment used to protect workers against a hazard. It is the barrier between a person and hazard.
It has two categories according.
- Mandatory.
- Task specific personal protective equipment.
Mandatory- Those PPEs that must be worn by a worker at every task called mandatory PPEs.
Example
Task-specific PPEs- Task-specific PPEs are PPEs that must be worn by the worker in some special task.
Example-
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Hazard- A source or situation which has thepotential to harm people property and environment is called hazard. It is the inherent property of a substance.
OR
Anything that had potential to harm people, property, and environment is called hazard.
Example-
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Classification of hazard-
Within the work spot, all level of the management has the responsibility to identify, evaluate and control hazard that is likely to result in injury, property damage or affecting health.
In man's working environment the inner relationship of three important factor namely.
- The worker raw process and end product.
- The machine.
- The environment is to be considered.
- Chemical Hazard
- Biological Hazard
- Ergonomic Hazard
- Psychosocial Hazard
- Physical Hazard
1.Chemical Hazard- Any hazard that comes from a solid, liquid or gas element compound or mixture that could be caused health problem or pollution is called chemical hazard.
Example-
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| Washing product |
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| Paints |
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| Welding fume |
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| Acid |
Associated Activities- Weste Product, Chemical Stores, Hot work etc.
2.Biological Hazard- Living organisms that have the potential to poses threat to human health.Example-
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| Phafund |
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| Bacterua |
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| Snake |
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| Sanitary |
Ergonomic Hazard- Hazard that can create physical and psychological stresses because of forceful repetitive work improper work technique or poorly designed tools and workplace.
Example-
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Psychological Hazard- Aspects of the work environment and the way that work is organized that is associated with psychological and physical injury or illness is called psychological hazard.
Example-
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Physical Hazard- Any hazard that comes from environmental factors is called physical hazard.
Example-
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Risk- Risk is the combination of likelihood and consequences of a specific hazard event occurring.
R=L*C or R=P*S
Risk= Likelihood *Consequences (सम्भावना *परिणाम)
Risk= Probability*severity(सम्भावना* गम्भीरता)
Hazard vs risk- A hazard something that can cause harm (Eg- Noise, stress, working on ladder) and risk is the chance high or low that any hazard will actually cause somebody your office can be a hazard the risk of personal danger may be high.
OR
A hazard is anything that can cause harm and how to grade the chance that someone works the harm by the hazard.
Exposure- Contact with a hazard is called exposure. It is the composition of magnitude frequency and duration.
Hazard= Risk
No hazard= No risk
Hazard but no exposure=No risk
Health risk=Hazard*exposure
Entry of harmful substance inside the body
- Inhalation- Through Nose (Air)
- Ingestion- Through mouth (Edable or drinking thing)
- Absorption- Through (skin)
- Penetration- Through veins (Injection)
Injury- It is defined as a harmful condition sustained by the body as a result of an accident.
OR
It is the hurts to organ, limbs(हाथ पैर) or body system and it caused due to the accident. It may be internal and external it causes pain suffering, loss of earning.
There are two types of injury.
- Minor injury
- Serious injury (Major injury)
Serious injury (Major injury)- If a person becomes unfit for more than 20 days that type of injury is called the serious injury.
Incident- An incident usually refers to an unexpected event that did not cause injury or damage this time but had the potential. Near miss and dangerous occurrence are also terms for an event that could have caused harm but did not.
Near miss- A near miss is an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness or damage but had the potential to do so. Only a fortunate(भाग्य से) break in the chain of event prevented an injury, fatal.
Dangerous Occurrence( D.O.)- Any occurrence of serious nature which could have caused have the injury, death to person but did not is called dangerous occurrence.
OR
Dangerous occurrence is similar to an accident that results in damage to property machine, the collapse of structure outbreak of fire, explosion, damage to environment etc. It's having a potential tocause physical harm injury to a person but luckily escaped. It is also the result of any unsafe act and unsafe condition.
Last time accident- A person gets an injury and becomes unfit for more than 48 hrs. That accident is reported to the inspector of factories which is also called a reportable accident.
Lost time injury(LTI)- Loss time are injuries are occupational injuries which prevent a worker from joining the next scheduled shift.
Lost workday case(LWC)- Because of occupational injury an employee is unable to work, (Unfit for the work) lost workday case.
Occupational disease- The disease which results from exposer to any physical, chemical, biological redient material in the workplace to an extent that affects the operation of the body organs and health of employees is called occupational disease.
Medical treatment case- Any occupational injury or illness requiring treatment by registered professional personnel(व्यक्ति) (physician, doctor) is called medical treatment case.
